Engineering Solid Tire Compound Design: Tread, Middle, and Base Compounds Engineering solid tires are used in mines, construction sites, and other harsh environments where punctures, chunking, and blowouts are common. This article presents a three-compound formulation (tread / middle / base) using NR/SBR/BR blends with N326/N550/VN3 silica, meeting GB/T 10824-2008 for 12.00-20 solid tires. Keywords: […]
Tire Testing Technology: Endurance, High-Speed, Strength, and Road Performance A tire is a multi-material composite structure (tread, carcass, bead) that must withstand radial loads, lateral forces, driving torque, and braking forces under harsh conditions. This article covers the full range of tire testing: laboratory drum tests (endurance, high-speed, strength, bead unseating) and road tests (dry/wet […]
Natural Rubber Compound Formulation Design: A Practical Guide Natural rubber (NR) is an unsaturated, crystallizable diene rubber with excellent elasticity, high mechanical strength, and superior processing characteristics. It is the oldest and most widely used rubber type. This guide covers the four core formulation systems: vulcanization, reinforcement/filling, protection, and plasticization. Keywords: natural rubber; NR; compound […]
Green Tire Pallet Conveyor System: Automated Transport for PCR/LTR Tire Plants A green tire pallet conveyor system is a fully automated production-line solution for transporting uncured (green) tires between the tire building machine and the curing press in PCR passenger and LTR light truck tire plants. Each green tire stays on its own dedicated pallet […]
Rubber Mixing in an Internal Mixer: Step-by-Step Operation Guide This article is based on the Shibata Fender Team (SFT) White Paper Series Part II — Mixing. It walks through the complete two-stage rubber compounding process: mastication, masterbatch production, and finalization, with the equipment and operational principles behind each step. Keywords: rubber mixing; internal mixer; banbury; […]
INTEREUROPEAN Tire Building Machines: Uni-Stage, COMBI, and Traditional TBM Overview This article introduces INTEREUROPEAN’s complete tire and rubber machinery lineup: Uni-Stage single-stage tire building machines, COMBI combined-stage TBMs, traditional first/second-stage TBMs, bead apexing lines, bias cutters, slitter lines, and air spring production equipment. Keywords: tire building machine; TBM; Uni-Stage; green tire; bead apex; tire manufacturing […]
Four SSBR Grades in High-Performance Tire Tread Compounds: A Comparative Study This study compares four solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) grades (SOL5251H, SOL5360H, SOL5271H, SOL6440H from Kumho Petrochemical) in high-dispersible silica-filled tread compounds, evaluating processing, cure, mechanical properties, wet grip, rolling resistance, and wear. Keywords: SSBR; solution SBR; high-performance tire; tread compound; wet grip; rolling resistance; […]
Technologies to Reduce Tire Rolling Resistance Reducing tire rolling resistance is one of the most effective ways to cut fuel costs and CO₂ emissions. This article explains how rolling resistance arises and the key technologies used to control it. Keywords: tire rolling resistance; fuel-efficient tire; viscoelasticity; tan delta; silica; tire label; green tire 1. Introduction […]